Drivers of social mobility

Drivers of social mobility are the background conditions that make social mobility easier.

Highlighted data

Childhood poverty

The percentage of children living in relative poverty in the UK (after housing costs) has gone up to around 30% since 2012, below the levels reached in the 1990s.

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Youth unemployment

Unemployment among young people is the highest it has been since 2020, at 16% in 2024.

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Broadband speed

The percentage of homes and businesses with access to a gigabit-capable broadband connection has gone up across the UK since 2020, reaching 82% in 2024.

Read more about broadband speed

Elsewhere in State of the Nation 2025

Mobility outcomes look at people's occupations, educational levels and housing situations, typically in their 40s and 50s.

Intermediate outcomes focus on the experiences of young people as they move through education and into work.

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State of the Nation 2025 on GOV.UK